CTS 2333
Unix/Linux Networking

HCC bookstore on-line

1. Understand the role of a network administrator (or a system administrator who must double as a network administrator); understand the job titles, common tasks, certifications, and soft skills required.
2. Describe networking concepts including: the use of protocols, addressing hosts, virtual circuits; packet switching; MTUs, simplex, half and full duplex; point-to-point, unicast, broadcast, and multicast; throughput and bandwidth; autonomous systems; NAT (or PAT or IP Masquerade); multi-homing; and VLANs
3. Describe the history of the Internet; Internet exchange points; common network technologies including Ethernet, TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6
4. Understand ISPs and tiers of service and how to pick ISPs
5. Describe additional network technologies and the issues (including uses, security, and cost) about them: ATM (and LANE), DSL, VPN, VoIP, and link aggregation (a.k.a. bonding, IP multipath, EtherChannel, ...)
6. Name network standards bodies (ISO, RFCs, IEEE) and describe their relevance
7. Understand network structures and classifications (and associated issues) including client-server and peer-to-peer (issues: design, security, privacy, naming, etc.), LANs, MANs, and WANs, network topology (physical and logical, token-ring, bus, star, mesh, point-to-point)
8. Use and explain the OSI and TCP/IP network models
9. Name and identify network hardware and their functions: NICs, serial ports, repeaters, bridges, hubs, switches, routers, firewalls
10. Describe the functions of an Ethernet NIC (duplex, bandwidth, promiscuous mode operation, auto-negotiation) and a NIC device driver (Layer 2 implementation (e.g., MAC address assignment), copy packets to/from host RAM, etc.)
11. Identify cabling types and their characteristics, including parallel, ribbon, serial and null-modem, CAT-5, fiber optics, infra-red, and wireless; Identify Ethernet patch cable types and their use: straight, cross-over, and roll-over; understand capacity naming: T# standards, OC# standards, and 802.3 standards' common names (e.g. 10BaseT)
12. Identify physical network layout standards (EIA/TIA 568), including common terminology (MDF, POP, demarc, vertical and horizontal wiring, and catchment area) and network transmission issues (including EMI, RMI, ESD, latency, and cross-talk)
13. Design networks for some common and simple situations; understand why a network expert is needed in most other situations; understand client and server network hardware requirements, including costing and ROI calculations
14. Understand, use, plan, and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing: using binary, hex, and dotted-decimal numbers, network and broadcast addresses, subnet masking (and CIDR)
15. Understand and describe static, dynamic, and zeroconf address assignment, special and reserved IP addresses, provider independent (PI) addresses and multi-homing (with BGP)
16. Understand the basics of IPv6 addressing
17. Install and use Wireshark (formally “Ethereal”)
18. Understanding Ethernet: IEEE 802 standards; addressing, protocol limitations, ARP and RARP protocols, installing Ethernet NICs; identifying fields using Wireshark
19. Discuss and understand TCP/IP protocols and concepts: handshake, TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, ARP, DHCP, and others; identify protocols and fields with Wireshark
20. Understand hostnames, domain names, and name servers, how to use WHOIS database, ICANN and IANA, DNS caching, in-addr.arpa, top-level domain names, root servers, reserved names, how to obtain and register hostnames and domain names
21. Locate, use, and maintain network documentation
22. Identify network service management and policy concepts (e.g., AUP, host naming policy, etc.)
23. Use common network (client) utilities, including ftp, tftp, sftp, scp, ssh, telnet, wget, and links (a non-GUI web browser)
24. Describe other network protocols (such as IPX/SPX and NetBIOS), NETBEUI, AppletTalk
25. Understand network services and port numbers: how they are used and assigned (by the IANA), well-known, registered, and private/dynamic port numbers, the use of the services file, relationship of port numbers to sockets; and identify some common port numbers including 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 443, 110, 119, 137, 139, 143, 161, and 445 (993 and 995 too, but not for any certification exams I know); and understand RPC and the role of the portmapper daemon
26. Understand routing concepts including: IP forwarding, routing versus routed protocols, routable and non-routable protocols, static and dynamic routing, best path determination, routing tables, default routes, and ICMP redirects; and understand IP routing protocols including a basic understanding of distance-vector, link-state, and policy routing protocols such as RIP, RIP2, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP; hop-count, TTL, and other route metrics
27. Describe network security concepts including common threats, the basics of IPSec, GRE tunneling, common VPN technologies, centralized (and wireless) access control with Kerberos, RADIUS, and TACACS, packet filtering, service proxies, SOCKS proxies, network intrusion detection and prevention
28. Identify remote access technologies including serial consoles, KVM, PC Anywhere, DS view, VNC, RDeskTop, and XDMCP
29. Describe the basic concepts and issues of Clusters (HA and HP) and grids; and NAS, SAN, AoE, and other storage network technologies
30. Start and stop service daemons; using and configuring inetd and xinetd; monitoring service daemon status with ps, log files, and other tools.
31. Configure NICs with ethtool, mii-tool; /etc/ethers (and related files)
32. Configure the DNS (domain name system) resolver: setting a DNS system in /etc/nsswitch.conf; configuring a default domain name, changing/viewing the hostname using hostname; name server IP address(es), and other options in /etc/resolv.conf; set hostnames and aliases for IPs in /etc/hosts and other OS-specific ways for Red Hat and Debian based Linux distributions, BSD and Solaris Unix; and using other resolver-related files such as /etc/networks, /etc/nodename (or hostname or HOSTNAME), etc.
33. Configure TCP/IP (and IPv6) for Unix/Linux workstations and servers: set NIC to use DHCP and over-ride DHCP server assigned settings, assign static IP to a NIC; use ifconfig; understand and configure IP Alias (virtual interfaces)
34. Configure routing for Unix/Linux workstations and servers; use the route command; configuring a default route; identification of common routing daemons: ripd, zebra, gated, quagga, xorp, in.routed (Solaris), routed (FreeBSD, which also supports gated and zebra); configure zeroconf networking
35. Configure network access controls using TCP Wrappers (libwrap), by using /etc/host.allow and host.deny files; set a mostly-closed policy; identify other ways to implement service access controls including service specific configuration, xinetd, PAM, and firewall rules
36. Troubleshoot TCP/IP network problems using log files, a trouble-shooting methodology, and some common tools including ping, traceroute, telnet, nc (netcat), openssl, netstat, route, ifconfig, Wireshark, tcpdump, and others.
37. Configure name servers including a caching-only server with nscd and BIND, and a primary server and a secondary server with BIND; editing BIND configuration files: named.conf, rndc.conf and rndc.key, zone files (including in-arpa zone); trouble-shooting DNS problems with named-checkconf, named-checkzone, nslookup, dig, and Internet tools such as DNSstuff.com
38. Understand and configure PPP and secure using CHAP, PAP, and MS-CHAPv2; Understand PPPoE and configure ADSL
39. Understand Wi-Fi concepts and configure (on Linux); identify Wi-Fi security issues and simple counter-measures (including captive portals); and describe Wi-Max
40. Modify a simple iptables firewall configuration to enable additional services (or disable services)
41. Understand and configure file sharing services using NFS and Samba
42. Understand and configure common network services such as DHCP, FTP (including anonymous FTP), a basic LDAP server, SSH and telnet
43. Monitor the system and network using various tools and utilities such as log files, netstat, nmap, snort, nagios, SNMP and RMON, and MRTG
44. Understand the basic concepts of and tools for network traffic management and traffic shaping in Linux; understand and configure multi-homing and load balancing without BGP in Linux

YborStudent.hccfl.edu (a Linux server) can be accessed from on or off campus and can be used to practice, examine configuration files, read man pages, and do some assignments.  From off-campus, you can also practice using any Unix/Linux system available (or install Linux at home).  It may be possible to install your systems on USB 3 flash disks, can carry it with you to work on from anywhere.  (This may require extra configuration, so your system works on different computers.)

You will also use the YborStudent Wiki for some of your work and having class on-line discussions.

You will need your own flash disk (preferably USB-3 compliant), writing materials, and Scantron 882–E or 882–ES forms.

You can use HawkNet (WebAdvisor) to obtain your final grade for the course.  You can use your assigned Hawkmail (Hawkmail365) email address, or use Canvas, if you wish to discuss your grades via email.  (Note, it may be possible to setup your Hawkmail account to forward all received emails to some outside email account; but you still must send mail from your official HCC account to discuss grades.)

Most college systems now (or will in the future) use a single sign-on user ID, known as HCC “NetID”.  Visit netid.hccfl.edu to register and to update your credentials.  (Your initial password is your uppercase first name initial, lowercase last name initial, and your seven digit student ID number.)  Note the quickest way to resolve login issues is the HCC Live Web Portal (hcclive.hccfl.edu).

The college provides wireless network connections for students and guests on Dale Mabry campus.  For students, select the network “HCC_Wireless” from the list of available networks.  Follow the on-screen steps by entering your HCC email address and network password.  For HCC guests: Select “HCC_Guest” from available networks.  Follow the on-screen steps to complete registration.  This network will be available between 7:00 AM and 10:00 PM.  These are the only official HCC networks; don't use others that may appear.

Hawk Alert text messaging service allows you to receive important information regarding campus closures or emergencies.  You may also sign up for financial aid notifications and registration and payment deadlines.  This is a free service, although some fees may be applied by your cellular service provider or plan for text messages.  To sign up, or for more information, visit www.hccfl.edu/hawkalert/.

HCC DM Open Lab

Computers with PuTTY installed are located in the computer science department open lab in DTEC–462.  Additionally, the back-row has computers identical to the ones in our classroom.  So if you need to work on your projects and the classroom is in use, you can request a lab tech to put your hard disk in one of the open lab computers.  (You can call the open lab to determine if the classroom will be available, or to have them pull your hard disk in advance.  The open lab phone number is:  253-7207.)

Lab hours are:

(Note:  Lab technicians (“Lab Techs”) are not teaching assistants or tutors, and shouldn't be expected to help you with your coursework.)

Rules for Using HCC Facilities

1. No food or drinks near computer equipment.
2. Students bringing their own laptops need to use the wireless network only.  Students cannot disconnect network cables from classroom's computers to connect their personal devices.
3. Students are not allowed to disconnect monitors or computers to power their personal equipment.

Grading scale:  A=90-100,   B=80-89,   C=70-79,   D=65-69,   F=0-64
(You can elect to “audit” the class during the add/drop period.)

(Collaborating on the class wiki counts as up to 5 points extra credit, as does active class participation.  See below for details.)

• Course format is interactive lecture, with most projects done outside of scheduled class time.
• No make-up exams will be offered without the prior approval of the instructor.  If a make-up exam is offered, you can take the exam in my office during my regular office hours, or from the Dale Mabry Testing Center.  (Check for their hours of operation, and make sure to give yourself sufficient time to complete an exam.)  You will need to make an appointment to schedule a make-up exam.)
• Exams will be closed book and closed note multiple choice exams.  While the exams are non-cumulative, each does build upon knowledge acquired earlier.  Exams are based mostly upon material presented in class.  However some questions may be from assigned readings (the textbooks and on-line resources).
• Exams will only cover material discussed in class or assigned as reading before the exam.  Should the class fall behind the course schedule, some topics shown on the syllabus due for an earlier exam will be tested on the following exam instead.
• The schedule for the final week of the term may cause a conflict between our class schedule and another class's final exam.  It is up to you to determine if you will have a conflict, and to bring it to the attention of your instructor, so that appropriate arrangements can be made.
• Regular attendance is imperative for the successful completion of this class.  The textbook and on-line resources should be considered as required course supplements; in other words, the course is not based on the text.
• All phones, pagers, and beepers must be turned off during class time, except with prior permission of the instructor.  No food or drink is permitted in HCC classrooms.
• Attendance will be taken within 5 minutes of the start of class; after 4 unexcused absences and/or lateness, the student will lose 2 points off the final grade for each additional occurrence.
• If you miss a class, you are still responsible for the material covered in that class.  All students should exchange contact information (name, email address, phone number) with at least one other student in the class.  If you must miss a class, you should then contact another student and request they take class notes for you.  (Note, Hawknet has Hawkmail365 email for HCC students.)
• Credit for class participation includes attendance, preparedness, and adding to class discussions by asking questions and participating in discussions.  Playing computer games, surfing the Internet, or working on assignments for this or other classes during class time will lose you credit.
• Additional time outside of class will be required.  For typical students an average of between 8 and 12 hours each week outside of class are required for preparation, practice, and projects.
• Students are expected to prepare for each class by completing all reading assignments, reviewing examples and model solutions provided, and practicing outside of class.  This is important — you cannot learn a skill such as Unix/Linux system administration only by attending class and reading books.  You must practice several hours a few days each week!  If you won't have enough time available, consider auditing the course.
• Students are expected to check the class website regularly.  Any syllabus changes, class cancellations, project assignments, and homework assignments are announced in class and posted to the website and the RSS feed for this class.
• A student shall not, without my express authorization, make or receive any recording, including but not limited to audio and video recordings, of any class, co-curricular meeting, organizational meeting, or meeting with me.  Further, you do not have my permission to post on the web or otherwise distribute my class lectures and other course materials.  (You can distribute freely any materials I make publicly available from the HCC (or the wpollock.com) website, without asking permission, provided you give me credit for the work and don't alter it.  Any other use will require expressly given permission.)
• Working together on individual assignments is considered as cheating!  Turning in someone else's work without giving them credit is also considered cheating (plagiarism).  Cheating will result in an automatic F (zero) for the project for all parties.  Also, you can only earn credit for your own work and not someone else's, even if you do cite your sources.  Note that some projects may be group projects, where each member of a small group works together on a project.  It is also okay to ask a fellow student for class notes (in the event you miss a class) or for help in understanding the text or material given to the class (e.g., examples on the class website).  You are encouraged to study together as well.
• Because you can learn a lot from your peers, both in the class and in the broader community, I encourage collaboration with both.  However, do not mistake this as a license to cheat.  It is one thing to learn from and with your peers; it is another to pass their work off as your own.  With respect to assignments for this class:
  • You are expected to document any collaboration that takes place.
  • Absolutely no electronic transfer (or other copying) of code between students is permitted.
  • Any code (shell commands) that you “find” on the Internet must be cited, with an active link to that code.
  • While you are encouraged to engage in conversations in online forums, under no circumstances are you permitted to solicit other individuals to complete your work for you.  (So, no posting assignments or homework questions and asking for answers.)
  • Ultimately, YOU are responsible for all aspects of your submissions.  Failure to be able to explain and defend your submission will be treated as a violation of academic integrity.
• You must abide by the HCC Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for computers and services.  In particular, you must not run network scanners, or attempt to obtain administrator (“root”) privileges or otherwise disrupt HCC computers and services.  In some explicitly stated circumstances, some parts of the AUP may not apply.  If in any doubt, ask!
• You must follow the academic honesty policy and the student code of conduct for HCC.  A second cheating offense will result in an “F” for the course, and your name will be turned over to the dean for further handling.  I take these matters very seriously.  You have been warned!
• Every effort will be made to stick to the weekly schedule for our course.  However it may happen that we will fall behind the schedule at some point.  If so, no topics will be skipped.  Instead we will attempt to catch up over the following weeks.
• Please be aware that if we fall behind on the weekly schedule, the topics discussed may not match what shows on the syllabus.  The weekly schedule may (but probably won't be) updated in this case.
• In case we do fall behind, homework assignments (if any) are automatically postponed until we do discuss that topic in class (i.e., the next class).  Projects and in-class exams will not be automatically postponed.  Should your instructor deem it necessary, projects and exams may be rescheduled; this will be announced in class and on the RSS feed.
• Communications Policy:  I will respond to your emails within 48 hours or two business days.  HCC policy is that grades can only be discussed in person during office hours, or via email only if you use your assigned HCC HawkNet (Hawkmail365) email account.
• No appointment is necessary to see me during my scheduled, on-campus office hours.  You can just “walk-in”.  You can make appointments for other times as long as I'm available.
• Occasionally my office hours will be canceled on short (or no) notice, for example if the dean calls me for a meeting.  Before driving out to campus just for my office hours, you should contact me the day before to make sure I still plan to be there.
• Late Policies:  Late assignments (homework assignments, projects, or exams) generally will not be accepted.  An assignment is late if not turned in by the start of class on the day it is due.

  Late assignments will be accepted late only if you obtain the instructor's permission prior to the due date of the assignment, or for a documented serious medical reason.  All late assignments are subject to a late penalty of at least one letter grade (10%) regardless of the reason for the delay.

  Projects and homework assignments later than one week will receive a more severe late penalty; very late assignments without adequate excuses will receive a grade of “F” (0).  However if you have a very good reason your instructor may waive any or all of the late penalty.  (Examples of good reasons include extended illness that prevents working, being out of town for work, or military service.  Remember, documentation will be required.)

• The dangers of the flu or another contagious disease require some changes to normal policies.  HCC has implemented the recommendations for institutions of higher learning of the CDC.  (See www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance/ and www.flu.gov/ for guidance from the CDC.)  You won't need documentation if you miss class due to the flu.  (But if you think you have the flu, you should see a doctor as soon as you can.)  In the unlikely event of a school closure due to the flu, some plan to make up the missed work will be made.

  If you think you have the flu, stay home.  Do not come to HCC until 48 hours after your fever has broken as you are still infectious.  Also, people are infectious to others for a day or so before they have any symptoms.  Flu is spread by touching doorknobs, computer keyboards, railings on stairs, etc., that were touched by someone with the flu.  Avoid shaking hands; use the “fist shake” (touching of fists) if you must use a physical greeting.  The most effective way to avoid catching the flu is to wash your hands frequently, especially after touching something that was touched by others.  Avoid unnecessary touching of eyes, nose and mouth.  While not as good as properly washing hands, hand sanitizers have been installed throughout the campus; use them often.

Projects are graded on the following scale:

A = 95% (Excellent: Good design with good comments, style, and extras)
B = 85% (Good: Good design, some comments, readable style, and it works)
C = 75% (Acceptable: Project objectives are met or are close to being met)
D = 65% (Unacceptable)
E = 10-64% (Variable credit: At least you tried)
F =  0% (Didn't hand in the project)

Minor extras worth +5 points, minor omissions or poor design worth -5.

Projects are not graded when turned in.  They are graded all at once, sometime after the project deadline has passed (usually the next weekend).  Further details will be provided with your first project.  (See also submitting assignments below.)

Your instructor is the editor and moderator of this study guide (and for all material posted on this wiki site).  While some time will be given for students to correct postings, in order to ensure an accurate study guide the instructor may edit, add to, or remove material posted by students.

The wiki assignment will be graded on or after the following week (so you have through the weekend to post something for the previous week).  Your contributions will be graded based on correctness, completeness, and clarity.  Note regular posting is required to earn extra credit; one large post the last week of the term will not earn much (or any) extra credit.

Do not post during class hours.  Do not attempt to post you complete class notes for the day.  Each submission should be on one or two (no more than three) items covered in that class.  (You must leave something for the other students to post!)